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Galib Introduction:
Mirza Ghalib, born Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan on December 27, 1797, in Agra, India, is celebrated as one of the most influential Urdu and Persian poets in history. His life, marked by turmoil and transformation, unfolded during the waning years of the Mughal Empire and the rise of British rule in India.
Ghalib’s lineage:
Ghalib’s lineage was distinguished: his ancestors were Aibak Turks who moved to Samarkand (in modern-day Uzbekistan) after the fall of the Seljuk Empire. His father, Mirza Abdullah Baig Khan, and uncle, Nasrullah Baig Khan, served the Mughal Empire in military roles. Tragically, Ghalib lost his father in a cavalry accident when he was only five years old. Consequently, he was raised by his uncle.
Education:
The young Ghalib was educated in Persian, Arabic, Turkish, and Islamic theology and philosophy. His prodigious talent for poetry became evident early, as he wrote his first verses at the age of 11. At 13, he married Umrao Begum, and the couple moved to Delhi. This city, rich in cultural and intellectual ferment, became the canvas for his life’s work.
Poetry:
Ghalib’s poetry, deeply colored by personal tragedy, including the loss of all his seven children in infancy, reflected a nuanced understanding of life, love, and philosophy. His ghazals, a form of poetic expression consisting of rhyming couplets and a refrain, often with a theme of love, are renowned for their emotional depth and complexity. Ghalib’s work transcended traditional motifs of love and beauty, delving into metaphysics, existential angst, and the mysteries of human existence.
Galib Talent:
Despite his immense talent, Ghalib’s life was not without struggles. He often found himself in financial distress and sought patronage from the Mughal court, which, in its declining years, could offer little. The arrival of the British and the collapse of the Mughal Empire profoundly affected him. His later works reveal his grappling with these sweeping changes, his position in a diminishing aristocracy, and the advent of a new world order.
Ghalib’s legacy:
Ghalib’s legacy is vast. He modernized and redefined the classical form of ghazal, influencing not only contemporaries but also successive generations of Urdu poets. His works were compiled in the “Diwan-e-Ghalib”, which remains a cornerstone in Urdu literature.
Galib Died:
Ghalib died in Delhi on February 15, 1869. His residence in Old Delhi, now a heritage site known as ‘Ghalib Ki Haveli’, is a testament to his enduring influence. His poetry, marked by its lyrical beauty, intellectual depth, and philosophical introspection, continues to captivate and inspire, making him a towering figure in the pantheon of great literary masters.